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Ethical and sustainability issues: Fish farming vs. wild-caught, bycatch, and environmental impact.
Section 2: The 14 Fish to Avoid (≈1800–2000 words)
For each fish:
Name of the fish
Why to avoid it (health risk, environmental concern, or both)
Alternatives (safer or sustainable options)
1. Shark
Reason: Extremely high mercury levels; overfished in many areas.
Alternative: Tilapia, sardines, or smaller fish low in mercury.
2. Swordfish
Reason: Large predator → accumulates mercury; also overfished in some regions.
Alternative: Anchovies, mackerel (sustainably sourced).
3. King Mackerel
Reason: High mercury content.
Alternative: Smaller mackerel species.
4. Tilefish (Gulf of Mexico)
Reason: Mercury contamination.
Alternative: Salmon (wild-caught or responsibly farmed).
5. Orange Roughy
Reason: Extremely long-lived fish → high mercury; overfishing risk.
Alternative: Pacific sardines, trout.
6. Bigeye Tuna
Reason: Mercury levels high; overfished in some areas.
Alternative: Skipjack tuna (lower mercury, sustainably fished).
7. Chilean Sea Bass (Patagonian Toothfish)
Reason: Overfished; illegal fishing practices.
Alternative: Alaskan pollock, sustainably farmed cod.
8. Bluefin Tuna
Reason: Critically overfished; high mercury.
Alternative: Yellowfin tuna (from sustainable sources).
9. Eel (Conger & European eel)
Reason: Endangered species; overfished; high pollutants.
Alternative: Farmed catfish, responsibly sourced freshwater fish.
10. Atlantic Halibut
Reason: Overfishing concerns; slow-growing species.
Alternative: Pacific halibut, flounder.
11. Imported Catfish (Certain Sources)
Reason: Contamination and lax farming regulations.
Alternative: U.S.-farmed catfish with verified sustainable practices.
12. Farmed Salmon (Certain regions)
Reason: Antibiotics, pollutants, and low omega-3 levels.
Alternative: Wild-caught Alaskan salmon or certified organic salmon.
13. Grouper
Reason: Overfished; high mercury levels in large species.
Alternative: Small reef fish sustainably sourced.
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14. Barramundi (Unsustainable Farming)
