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As an anti-inflammatory
As a fever reducer
Aspirin’s blood-thinning properties are beneficial in some cases, but dangerous in others.
Why Health Authorities Issue Warnings
The warnings surrounding these medications are not new, but they are often overlooked. The concern is not about occasional, appropriate use. The concern is about chronic use, improper dosing, interactions, and vulnerable populations.
Medical warnings exist because NSAIDs:
Affect the stomach lining
Alter blood clotting
Impact kidney function
Influence cardiovascular risk
These effects may not be noticeable immediately, which makes them more dangerous.
The Most Serious Side Effects Associated With NSAIDs
1. Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Ulcers
One of the most well-documented risks of ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin is damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
NSAIDs work by inhibiting enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2. While this reduces inflammation, COX-1 also protects the stomach lining. When that protection is reduced:
Stomach acid can damage tissue
Ulcers may form
Bleeding can occur without warning
Symptoms may include:
Black or tarry stools
Vomiting blood
Severe abdominal pain
Dizziness or fainting
In some cases, GI bleeding occurs silently and is only discovered after serious blood loss.
