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According to a study conducted by researchers at the University of Chicago, a rapid decline in an individual’s ability to identify odors may be an early predictor of dementia. This is because memory plays a key role in recognizing and distinguishing smells.
The findings were based on a longitudinal study of 515 older adults and may help pave the way for routine smell-based screening tests—similar to vision or hearing exams.
These insights can also be useful for individuals monitoring subtle changes in their daily lives. For example, being unable to smell shampoo, conditioner, or shower gel while bathing may be a sign worth discussing with a healthcare provider.
What the Research Reveals About the Brain
What the Research Reveals About the Brain
According to senior author Jayant M. Pinto, professor of surgery at the University of Chicago, the study adds to growing evidence that a sharp decline in the sense of smell is a strong predictor of structural changes in specific brain regions.
Researchers found that individuals with rapid olfactory decline had reduced volume and altered shape of gray matter in areas of the brain responsible for smell and memory, compared with those who experienced a slower decline in olfactory function.
Smell Testing as a Potential Screening Tool
The researchers suggest that serial olfactory testing could be a practical and accessible way to monitor neurodegeneration and predict future cognitive decline.
They noted that the Brief Smell Identification Test is:
Non-invasive
Safe and reliable
Easy to administer
Completed in approximately five minutes
Because of its simplicity and accessibility, smell testing may become a valuable tool for identifying individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease at an earlier stage.
In Summary
A routine activity like showering may offer unexpected clues about brain health. Paying attention to changes in smell—especially during everyday tasks—could help identify Alzheimer’s disease earlier, opening the door to timely medical care, support, and planning.
